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Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 72(4): 271-275, jul.-ago. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-781241

ABSTRACT

ResumenIntroducción:La metahemoglobinemia adquirida inducida por medicamentos es un trastorno raro en el recién nacido que, de no diagnosticarse y tratarse oportuna y adecuadamente, puede ser particularmente grave y determinar daño cerebral permanente o la muerte del paciente.Caso clínico: Se reporta un caso metahemoglobinemia clínica severa que desarrolló un recién nacido después de la aplicación de una cantidad mínima de crema con benzocaína en una herida quirúrgica anal cuando al mismo tiempo recibía paracetamol. Además de considerar la benzocaína como agente causal primario de la metahemoglobinemia, se analiza y sustenta la posibilidad de que el paracetamol haya aumentado la susceptibilidad del paciente a las caínas debido a la inmadurez enzimática de los sistemas involucrados en la depuración de los agentes oxidantes, en particular de caínas y de paracetamol.Conclusiones: Se alerta sobre la posibilidad de metahemoglobinemia en el recién nacido al emplear caínas solas o junto con otros medicamentos oxidantes en esta época del desarrollo humano, cuando es más susceptible a los efectos oxidantes de químicos incluyendo medicamentos. Se revisa el tratamiento y se propone etiquetar debidamente los productos farmacológicos que contienen caínas, prohibiendo su empleo en recién nacidos para evitar la metahemoglobinemia iatrogénica.


AbstractBackground: Drug-induced acquired methemoglobinemia in the newborn is a rare event; however, when it develops, early diagnosis and proper treatment become paramount because it can evolve rapidly into a particularly serious disease causing permanent brain damage or death.Case report: We report a unique case of severe methemoglobinemia that developed in a newborn associated with a minimal application of a benzocaine healing cream to an anal surgical wound while on acetaminophen. In addition to benzocaine as the primary cause in this case, we raise the possibility that acetaminophen-a mild oxidant-increased the susceptibility of the patient to benzocaine, leading to severe clinical methemoglobinemia based on the known immaturity of the enzymatic systems involved in caines and acetaminophen clearance in the newborn. Treatment of methemoglobinemia is reviewed.Conclusions: Methemoglobinemia is a serious condition that can be easily induced by the use of oxidant medications in the newborn like local anesthetics. The possibility of unexpected drug to drug interactions, particularly between commonly used medications such as acetaminophen with other methemoglobin-causing agents, must always be kept in mind. Because of the possible deleterious consequences, mandatory labelling of caine-containing local anesthetic creams, gels and sprays with a warning for the likelihood of causing severe methemoglobinemia in children is recommended. Also, prohibiting their use in the newborn becomes mandatory.

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